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1.
Direct and indirect monitoring methods for nitrous oxide emissions in full-scale wastewater treatment plants: A critical review.
Shang, Z, Cai, C, Guo, Y, Huang, X, Peng, K, Guo, R, Wei, Z, Wu, C, Cheng, S, Liao, Y, et al
Journal of environmental management. 2024;:120842
Abstract
Mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has become an irreversible trend to adapt the climate change. Monitoring of N2O emissions plays a fundamental role in understanding and mitigating N2O emissions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of direct and indirect N2O monitoring methods. The techniques, strengths, limitations, and applicable scenarios of various methods are discussed. We conclude that the floating chamber technique is suitable for capturing and interpreting the spatiotemporal variability of real-time N2O emissions, due to its long-term in-situ monitoring capability and high data acquisition frequency. The monitoring duration, location, and frequency should be emphasized to guarantee the accuracy and comparability of acquired data. Calculation by default emission factors (EFs) is efficient when there is a need for ambiguous historical N2O emission accounts of national-scale or regional-scale WWTPs. Using process-specific EFs is beneficial in promoting mitigation pathways that are primarily focused on low-emission process upgrades. Machine learning models exhibit exemplary performance in the prediction of N2O emissions. Integrating mechanistic models with machine learning models can improve their explanatory power and sharpen their predictive precision. The implementation of the synergy of nutrient removal and N2O mitigation strategies necessitates the calibration and validation of multi-path mechanistic models, supported by long-term continuous direct monitoring campaigns.
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The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in aging and age-related diseases.
Liang, R, Qi, X, Cai, Q, Niu, L, Huang, X, Zhang, D, Ling, J, Wu, Y, Chen, Y, Yang, P, et al
Immunity & ageing : I & A. 2024;(1):14
Abstract
The gradual aging of the global population has led to a surge in age-related diseases, which seriously threaten human health. Researchers are dedicated to understanding and coping with the complexities of aging, constantly uncovering the substances and mechanism related to aging like chronic low-grade inflammation. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), a key regulator of the innate immune response, recognizes molecular patterns associated with pathogens and injury, initiating an intrinsic inflammatory immune response. Dysfunctional NLRP3 is linked to the onset of related diseases, particularly in the context of aging. Therefore, a profound comprehension of the regulatory mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome in aging-related diseases holds the potential to enhance treatment strategies for these conditions. In this article, we review the significance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the initiation and progression of diverse aging-related diseases. Furthermore, we explore preventive and therapeutic strategies for aging and related diseases by manipulating the NLRP3 inflammasome, along with its upstream and downstream mechanisms.
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The antitumor effects of herbal medicine Triphala on oral cancer by inactivating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway: based on the network pharmacology, molecular docking, in vitro and in vivo experimental validation.
Hu, S, Li, S, Xu, Y, Huang, X, Mai, Z, Chen, Y, Xiao, H, Ning, W, Gaus, S, Savkovic, V, et al
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2024;:155488
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects and underlying genetic mechanisms of herbal medicine Triphala (TRP) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS The target genes of Triphala (TRP) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were identified, and subsequent functional enrichment analysis was conducted to determine the enriched signaling pathways. Based on these genes, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed to identify the top 10 genes with the highest degree. Genes deregulated in OSCC tumor samples were identified to be hub genes among the top 10 genes. In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the influence of TRP extracts on the cell metabolic activity, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and proliferation of two OSCC cell lines (CAL-27 and SCC-9). The functional rescue assay was conducted to investigate the effect of applying the inhibitor and activator of an enriched pathway on the phenotypes of cancer cells. In addition, the zebrafish xenograft tumor model was established to investigate the influence of TRP extracts on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. RESULTS The target genes of TRP in OSCC were prominently enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, with the identification of five hub genes (JUN, EGFR, ESR1, RELA, and AKT1). TRP extracts significantly inhibited cell metabolic activity, migration, invasion, and proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in OSCC cells. Notably, the application of TRP extracts exhibited the capacity to downregulate mRNA and phosphorylated protein levels of AKT1 and ESR1, while concomitantly inducing upregulation of mRNA and phosphorylated protein levels in the remaining three hub genes (EGFR, JUN, and RELA). The functional rescue assay demonstrated that the co-administration of TRP and the PI3K activator 740Y-P effectively reversed the impact of TRP on the phenotypes of OSCC cells. Conversely, the combination of TRP and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 further enhanced the effect of TRP on the phenotypes of OSCC cells. Remarkably, treatment with TRP in zebrafish xenograft models demonstrated a significant reduction in both tumor growth and metastatic spread. CONCLUSIONS Triphala exerted significant inhibitory effects on cell metabolic activity, migration, invasion, and proliferation in OSCC cell lines, accompanied by the induction of apoptosis, which was mediated through the inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Radical fluorine transfer catalysed by an engineered nonheme iron enzyme.
Zhao, Q, Chen, Z, Rui, J, Huang, X
Methods in enzymology. 2024;:231-247
Abstract
Nonheme iron enzymes stand out as one of the most versatile biocatalysts for molecular functionalization. They facilitate a wide array of chemical transformations within biological processes, including hydroxylation, chlorination, epimerization, desaturation, cyclization, and more. Beyond their native biological functions, these enzymes possess substantial potential as powerful biocatalytic platforms for achieving abiological metal-catalyzed reactions, owing to their functional and structural diversity and high evolvability. To this end, our group has recently engineered a series of nonheme iron enzymes to employ non-natural radical-relay mechanisms for abiological radical transformations not previously known in biology. Notably, we have demonstrated that a nonheme iron enzyme, (S)-2-hydroxypropylphosphonate epoxidase from Streptomyces viridochromogenes (SvHppE), can be repurposed into an efficient and selective biocatalyst for radical fluorine transfer reactions. This marks the first known instance of a redox enzymatic process for C(sp3)F bond formation. This chapter outlines the detailed experimental protocol for engineering SvHPPE for fluorination reactions. Furthermore, the provided protocol could serve as a general guideline that might facilitate other engineering endeavors targeting nonheme iron enzymes for novel catalytic functions.
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Dissecting the roles of calcium cycling and its coupling with voltage in the genesis of early afterdepolarizations in cardiac myocyte models.
Wang, R, Qu, Z, Huang, X
PLoS computational biology. 2024;(2):e1011930
Abstract
Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) are abnormal depolarizations during the plateau phase of the action potential, which are known to be associated with lethal arrhythmias in the heart. There are two major hypotheses for EAD genesis based on experimental observations, i.e., the voltage (Vm)-driven and intracellular calcium (Ca)-driven mechanisms. In ventricular myocytes, Ca and Vm are bidirectionally coupled, which can affect each other's dynamics and result in new dynamics, however, the roles of Ca cycling and its coupling with Vm in the genesis of EADs have not been well understood. In this study, we use an action potential model that is capable of independent Vm and Ca oscillations to investigate the roles of Vm and Ca coupling in EAD genesis. Four different mechanisms of EADs are identified, which are either driven by Vm oscillations or Ca oscillations alone, or oscillations caused by their interactions. We also use 5 other ventricular action potential models to assess these EAD mechanisms and show that EADs in these models are mainly Vm-driven. These mechanistic insights from our simulations provide a theoretical base for understanding experimentally observed EADs and EAD-related arrhythmogenesis.
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Global burden and risk factors of gastritis and duodenitis: an observational trend study from 1990 to 2019.
Liu, Y, Zhang, J, Guo, Y, Tian, S, Wu, Y, Liu, C, Huang, X, Zhang, S, Dong, W
Scientific reports. 2024;(1):2697
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a global trend of aging, which has resulted in significant changes to the burden of gastritis and duodenitis (GD). Using the global burden of disease (GBD) database spanning 1990 to 2019, we evaluated the temporal trends of age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized death rates (ASDR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (AS-DALYs) for GD using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC). Additionally, we examined the burden of GD across various strata, including social demographic index (SDI), age, and sex. Finally, the risk factors linked to the incidence and mortality of GD, utilizing Pearson correlation analysis. In 2019, there were 31 million GD patients globally, a notable increase of 12 million from 1990, while the ASIR, ASDR, and AS-DALYs for GD all showed a decrease. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between ASIR and SDI. Factors like hand hygiene and vitamin A deficiency had significant positive correlations with ASIR and ASDR in 2019. Over the past thirty years, the burden of GD has increased alongside global population aging. Future efforts should focus on exploring prevention for GD, with special attention to the elderly population in low SDI regions.
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Introducing π-HelixNovo for practical large-scale de novo peptide sequencing.
Yang, T, Ling, T, Sun, B, Liang, Z, Xu, F, Huang, X, Xie, L, He, Y, Li, L, He, F, et al
Briefings in bioinformatics. 2024;(2)
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Abstract
De novo peptide sequencing is a promising approach for novel peptide discovery, highlighting the performance improvements for the state-of-the-art models. The quality of mass spectra often varies due to unexpected missing of certain ions, presenting a significant challenge in de novo peptide sequencing. Here, we use a novel concept of complementary spectra to enhance ion information of the experimental spectrum and demonstrate it through conceptual and practical analyses. Afterward, we design suitable encoders to encode the experimental spectrum and the corresponding complementary spectrum and propose a de novo sequencing model $\pi$-HelixNovo based on the Transformer architecture. We first demonstrated that $\pi$-HelixNovo outperforms other state-of-the-art models using a series of comparative experiments. Then, we utilized $\pi$-HelixNovo to de novo gut metaproteome peptides for the first time. The results show $\pi$-HelixNovo increases the identification coverage and accuracy of gut metaproteome and enhances the taxonomic resolution of gut metaproteome. We finally trained a powerful $\pi$-HelixNovo utilizing a larger training dataset, and as expected, $\pi$-HelixNovo achieves unprecedented performance, even for peptide-spectrum matches with never-before-seen peptide sequences. We also use the powerful $\pi$-HelixNovo to identify antibody peptides and multi-enzyme cleavage peptides, and $\pi$-HelixNovo is highly robust in these applications. Our results demonstrate the effectivity of the complementary spectrum and take a significant step forward in de novo peptide sequencing.
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The electronic structure of the active center of Co3Se4 electrocatalyst was adjusted by Te doping for efficient oxygen evolution.
Wang, H, Deng, X, Bari, A, Gu, M, Lin, M, Gao, A, Huang, X, Zhang, X
Journal of colloid and interface science. 2024;:767-775
Abstract
In order to enhance the energy efficiency of water electrolysis, it is imperative to devise electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction that are both non-precious metal-based and highly efficient. Efficient catalyst design is generally based on electronic structural engineering. Considering the electronegativity disparity between selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te), the tunable bandgaps, and the conductive metallic nature of Te. We designed a material wherein Te atoms are uniformly doped onto the surface of Cobalt tetra selenide (Co3Se4) nanorods, leading to the synthesis of a defect-rich material. Experimental results demonstrate that Te doping in Co3Se4 increases active sites and optimizes the electronic structure of Co cations, enhancing the design of multi-defect structures. This promotes the generation of the Co(oxy) hydroxide (CoOOH) active phase, enhancing catalytic activity by maximizing the binding strength between Co sites and oxygenated intermediates. Te-Co3Se4 nanorods exhibit good catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reactions, with an overpotential of 269 mV at a driving current density of 50 mA cm-2 and excellent stability in alkaline media (over 100 h). This discovery indicates the feasibility of strategically combining various imperfect structures, thereby unlocking the latent potential of diverse catalysts in electrocatalytic reactions.
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Advances in research on biomarkers associated with acute myocardial infarction: A review.
Huang, X, Bai, S, Luo, Y
Medicine. 2024;(15):e37793
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Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the most severe cardiovascular event in clinical settings, imposes a significant burden with its annual increase in morbidity and mortality rates. However, it is noteworthy that mortality due to AMI in developed countries has experienced a decline, largely attributable to the advancements in medical interventions such as percutaneous coronary intervention. This trend highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment to preserve the myocardium at risk and improve patient outcomes. Conventional biomarkers such as myoglobin, creatine kinase isoenzymes, and troponin have been instrumental in the diagnosis of AMI. However, recent years have witnessed the emergence of new biomarkers demonstrating the potential to further enhance the accuracy of AMI diagnosis. This literature review focuses on the recent advancements in biomarker research in the context of AMI diagnosis.
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One-year trajectories of nutritional status in perimenopausal women: a community-based multi-centered prospective study.
Liao, S, Zhao, L, Huang, C, Xiong, A, Xiong, W, He, Y, Huang, X, Hunter, V, Luo, B
BMC public health. 2024;(1):914
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional status is a modifiable factor associated with perimenopausal women's health and quality of life. Assessing body composition indicators helps to comprehensively understand nutritional status compared with using body mass index (BMI) only. However, few published studies measured the trends in body composition among perimenopausal women. OBJECTIVES To assess the one-year trajectory of the nutritional status of perimenopausal women and to explore its influential factors. METHODS A community-based observational study with 3-wave repeated measurements at 6-month intervals was carried out. The nutritional status indicators include weight, body mass index (BMI), and body composition variables. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to calculate the changes in nutritional status and generalized estimating equations were performed to explore their influential factors. RESULTS 2760 participants completed the study. Increasing trajectories in weight (from 56.05 ± 7.55 to 57.02 ± 7.60), fat mass (from 17.99 ± 4.80 to 20.49 ± 4.90), and waist-hip ratio (from 0.86 ± 0.04 to 0.91 ± 0.15) were found (P < 0.001). Decreasing trajectories in skeletal muscle (from 20.30 ± 2.38 to 19.19 ± 2.46), protein level (from 7.39 ± 0.79 to 7.06 ± 0.81), and total body water (from 27.87 ± 2.92 to 27.00 ± 3.01) were found (P < 0.001). Being married/unmarried with a partner and without negative life events were associated with higher total body water, skeletal muscle, and protein level, while negatively associated with fat mass and waist-hip ratio. Age was positively associated with fat mass (P < 0.001). Participants with junior high school education were prone to increased fat mass (P = 0.018) compared with those holding primary school education and below. A per capita monthly income of 1500 to 3000 Yuan was associated with higher total body water, skeletal muscle, and protein level (P < 0.001) compared with a per capita monthly income of less than 1500 Yuan. CONCLUSION Worsening nutritional status exists in perimenopausal women, which is characterized by increased weight, fat mass, and waist-hip ratio, and decreased skeletal muscle, total body water, and protein level. For greater efficiency, precision nutritional interventions are needed, and recipients should be classified into different risk levels based on their sociodemographic background.